Basics of Astronomy essays

Basics of Astronomy essays #1) (A) Issac Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation is: Two bodies attracted to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the further apart these two attracting bodies are from each other, the less the gravitational force between them is. The force of gravity depends on the product of the mass of the two attracting bodies. If the distance between the two bodies doubles, the force between them becomes one quarter of the force it was before. The Law of Universal Gravitation is vital because it mathematically proves Keplers Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The Planets follow the same laws of motion as objects on the surface of the earth. (B) Newton discovered other types of orbits that have circular of elliptical paths. However, if the velocity of an orbiting body were increased, its orbital path would change to a parabola or hyperbola and it would escape the gravitational pull of the sun. It would then leave the solar system. Parabolas are the orbital paths of objects in the form of an open curve. If one cuts out an angle in a circular cone, it would follow this path parallel to the sides of the cone. Hyperbolas occur when a plane cuts across two parallels half-cones. Keplers laws applies to any situation where two bodies in the universe orbit each other due to their mutual gravitational attraction, not just two planets. For example: Moons that orbit planets, such as the four Galilean Moons that orbit Jupiter. #2)(A) The reflecting telescope, which uses a mirror to attract light was perfected by Isaac Newton in 1668 although it was developed by John Gregory in 1663. The refracting telescope, which uses a lens to attract light was developed by a Dutch optician in 1608 named Hans Lippershey. Two other inventors were Zacharias Jannssen and Jacob Metius. However, Galil...

The Alternative Medical Treatments Essays

The Alternative Medical Treatments Essays The Alternative Medical Treatments Paper The Alternative Medical Treatments Paper Essay Topic: Medical Much information concerning alternative medicine is readily available on the internet for anyone who may be interested, however, the question remains whether or not this abundance of information is reliable and accurate or pure quackery. The websites being evaluated in this article are http://altmed. od. nig. gov and www. alternativemedicine. com. The differences between these two websites are a perfect illustration that one must be cautious and critical of all information obtained via the internet. The National Institute of Health’s website, http://altmed. od. nig. gov, is a good example of a reliable and well-informed source of knowledge. The website clearly denotes contact and sponsorship information on their homepage. It is extremely clear where one would call, email or write if there were questions, problems or concerns. Moreover, it clearly states that one should not use the information obtained by this website to seek therapy or treatment without talking to a doctor or health care provider. It also defines what NCCAM (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) is, what they do and who with whom they are affiliated. Additionally, by clicking on a topic one can easily obtain very specific and well-credentialed background of the director of the program. The entire website is detail oriented, factual and well documented. It is up-to-date as the website says that it was â€Å"last modified 8/24/01. † The NCCAM website was also extremely user friendly (good graphics, well divided subject headings) and easy to maneuver. Overall, this website was an excellent source of information for students, researchers or anyone interested in information on alternative medicine. In contrast to the NCCAM website was www. alternativemedicine. com, â€Å"The Voice of Health. † I found this website rather amusing as it was very obvious that information was not at all based on reliable, research-based material. This is definitely the perfect example of information sources that one should be very cautious. As far as I could ascertain, there was no real authorship of the articles or the information blurbs. Once in awhile Dr. So-and-so would be quoted but the reader had no idea who Dr. So-and-so was (and whether or not he is a real doctor. ) The only biographical information (and picture) was of the president of the company, but there were no specific credentials, professional affiliations, or qualifications that would make him someone that you would want to take medical advice from. Not only was the CEO’s information vague, but so was the contact information for the company itself. No phone number or email address was listed, just an address. The best part of the website, in my opinion, was after you had chosen a specific health condition or problem, a box popped up for you to enter your zip code in so you could find a practitioner in your local area to help you. What a convenience This is a stark contrast to the NCCAM website, which advises the consumer to consult a health care provider before subscribing to any of the therapies. The graphics and maneuverability of the website, however, were good and easy to use. Overall, this website was not a reliable source of information and I would definitely be very hesitant to believe the information it provided. Both of these websites are useful in understanding and realizing the fact that just because information is on the internet does not make it true. The NCCAM is a proven example of a resource that one could use to augment their knowledge on a variety of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. It contains research data, facts and reliable information. In contrast, www. alternativemedicine. com is a prime example of what internet users should be wary of, a site that contains little or no factual information and was definitely NOT â€Å"The Voice of Health. † The internet is definitely a great source of information and learning but, as evidenced, one should always evaluate and be critical of what one reads and sees.

Market Structure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Structure - Assignment Example It is a more realistic market structure in which a few firms dominate the market, and are able to influence the conditions to a greater extent. Although, there may be many small firms operation in the same market, but they will just follow the lead of the few firms. (Krugman, 2012) KFC is an example of monopolistic competition. The firm is competing against the same-sized restaurants like Wendy’s, McDonalds, Pizza Hut and others. These firms try to differentiate their products and then price them accordingly. Wireless service providers are a good example of a n oligopoly structure in the area. Four of the firms namely AT&T Mobility, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile and Sprint Nexte dominate the market and control around 89 percent of the total telephone service market in the United States. US Postal Service is still one of the monopolies operating in every city of the United States. The firm has a potential high barrier to entry- a license from the US government, has the potential to influence the market conditions as well as it does still have unique product attached to itself. There are empirical studies present that specifically tell us the relationship between the barriers to entry and long term profitability of the firms. Research evidence suggests that the firms will set the price close to the cost if the barriers to entry are non-existent or low in a particular market. In this case, the firms do make a bigger profit in the short run; however, they believe that the entrance of the new firms and competition, the profits will erode. (Krugman, 2012) In a monopoly, the barriers to entry are really high which protects the market from strong competitive pressures. These barriers could be licensing, patents and economies of scale. Therefore, the firm earns a high profit in the long run. However, there will be time when the long run profits will not be positive. When the average total cost curve is above the demand curve, the

Microsoft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft - Research Paper Example The corporate office of Microsoft is headquartered at One Microsoft Way, Redmond: Washington, USA. It has subsidiaries in more than 100 countries ranging from Albania to Zimbabwe. The company board of director’s team comprises of ten individuals and it is headed by Steve Ballmer (Chief Executive Officer). The executive team consists of sixteen competent members managing the company operations over the globe. The company operates in the global competitive environment by developing, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a wide array of software products and services for different computing devices. Microsoft businesses have been divided into five segments; Client, Server & Tools, Online Services Business, Microsoft Business Division and Entertainment and Devices Division. The Client segment focuses on Windows Product Family and is recognized as its flagship product since they are globally recognized all over the world (Windows XP, Vista, 7 etc.). The Server and Tools segment sells server products and related services and solutions and its major product in this division include Windows Server, Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Video and Microsoft Enterprise Services. The third segment of Online Service Businesses provides offerings such as email, online information offerings such as Hotmail and MSN Portals. The revenue generated from this segment mainly comes through advertising. Microsoft Bu siness Division includes Microsoft Office Suites and Desktop Programs. The final segment of Entertainment and Devices Division sells hardware and among the most prominent includes; Xbox 360 video game console, Zune digital music and entertainment device. The online services and offerings include Hotmail, Bing, and MSN Portals. Innovation has remained the cornerstone of Microsoft’s success. It has not only sustained itself in stiff competition throughout the globe but

647 W4D "Originally identified risks" Essay

647 W4D "Originally identified risks" - Essay Example In doing so, one increases the project’s chances of becoming a success through elimination of avoidable obstacles. The techniques that are available to a project manager include brainstorming, SWOT analysis, scenario analysis and retrospective analysis. Brainstorming refers to a process of idea generation where a group is given free rein to explore their thoughts and come up with strategies to move the project forward (Garrett, 2012). In the essence of risk analysis, it is useful in that it provides the group with the opportunity to assess potential risks on a large scale level and take advantage of combined thinking. The collective reasoning increases the quality of ideas on potential risks. Retrospective analysis considers past events and analyzes why they occurred so as to provide a platform for future reference (Kendrick, 2009). In risk management, it can help the project to analyze similar cases so as to get an idea of potential pitfalls. Retrospective analysis will help limit the risks that may occur from known threats and give the project a better standing. SWOT analysis is a comprehensive analytical tool that looks at the project in terms of the strengths it has, the weaknesses it may possess, the opportunities available to it, and the threats it may face (Garrett, 2012). SWOT analysis identifies the actualities (strengths and weaknesses) as well as the potentialities (threats and opportunities) enabling the project leader to be more aware of the segments to consider when analyzing risk. Scenario analysis refers to analyzing different pathways the project may take and focusing on worst-case instances so as to come up with potential risks that may harm the project’s effectiveness (Kendrick,

Popular culture

Popular culture What is popular culture? Introduction (John Storey, 2006, p.1) â€Å"popular culture is always defined, implicitly or explicitly, in contrast to other conceptual categories: folk culture, mass culture, dominant culture†. â€Å"Popular† and â€Å"Culture† Before we look into more depth about the term ‘popular culture we must first determine what it actually means. Firstly to break the term down, Raymond Williams says culture is â€Å"one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language† (cited storey 2006). To understand what William means we will take a look at his definitions. William refers to culture in three ways, firstly he states culture could be seen as â€Å"a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development†.   The examples storey gives are â€Å"great philosophers, great artists and great poets† which noticeably the word great is used giving a sense of high culture. Secondly â€Å"a particular way of life, whether a people, a period or a group† (ibid). - Popular Culture Now we have determined what the terms popular and culture mean we can now look at the word as a whole. Storey states that Popular culture â€Å"is the culture that is left over after we have decided what is high culture† (Storey 2009, p. 6). Popular culture is therefore seen as â€Å"inferior culture† or ‘low culture (ibid). When you think about popular culture in this way there comes a problem, who determines which category it falls into. Storey states â€Å"to be real culture, it has to be difficult† therefore creating a division to who can and who can not. Pierre Bourdieu argues that â€Å"cultural distinctions of this kind are often used to support class distinctions. Taste is a deeply ideological category: it functions as a marker of class† (Bourdieu 1984).   Popular culture is often taken from culture, diluted and then distributed to the masses for personal gain. Sub cultures are created to help a group of people who feel left out from society, find there place. When looking at sub cultures, they are often associated with the youth of society. It could be argued that sub cultures are made possible because the youth within society have much more leisure time. (Lifestyle) The reason for this is said to be because of the generation gap. Some sub cultures create a moral panic because it challenges the norm and goes against how the people should think and what they should be doing. In doing so they create there ideology according to how they feel about society which is often opposed to the elite. If this is the case then it suggests a political dimension to what popular culture is so therefore it is not just about leisure or entertainment. Popular culture and the mass media go hand in hand because the media creates a distorted image of how the world is and the masses are said to passively consume it. Popular culture is also argued to divert people away from what is important which is said to be beneficiary for the elite, an example of this is capitalism. (Storey 2006) Ideology conceals the reality of domination from those in power: the dominant class dont see themselves as exploiter or oppressors†. More importantly though it works in favour of the elite as Storey states â€Å"Ideology conceals the reality of subordination from those who are powerless: the subordinate class dont see themselves as exploited or oppressed†. One of the most significant ideological practices in recent years has been the categorical dividing of what is popular and what is classical. Storey states â€Å"the division between high and popular culture†¦is absolutely clear†¦and transhistorical-fixed for all time.† Up until recent years the divions of the two were quite prominent but with groups like Escala (who were on Britains got talent) the divide becomes blurry. Groups like Escala play classical music in a different way to the norm but which is still classical and since they were on a popular show they made classical music popular. But that does not mean it will stay that way because if you look at some of the Cds they are bringing out for classical music now with such titles as â€Å"Pure Classical† which may seem innocent but could be argued that the elite are trying to police the boundaries. The real question what has been discussed is, value. As we have look in the first part of this essay, culture is not a fixed thing, it changes over time. A prime example of this would be opera. It started off for working class people but over time soon change and now is for the elite in society. If you were to look at the price it started off at it was only a few pennies but now the price of a ticket is quite high which therefore excludes people from taking part. Another example of this would be of you were to take a look at Pavarotti who had top selling albums and chart toppers, who then went to put on a performance in Hyde park for free and a woman attending give a comment to say â€Å"I cant afford to go to the posh opera houses and folk out  £100 for a ticket†. Yet again you could see some of the elite trying to police the boundaries by giving bad reviews saying â€Å"the park is no place for opera†. When you take that review and think about what they are really mean, they are saying it should stay in the opera hous e and keep its exclusiveness. Ideologies gain persuasive powers to either directly or indirectly influence the way people live, how they behave and how they relate to each other. Ideology can be understood by a set of values and ideas that a certain group shares.

Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers

The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger, additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer, cataracts, and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer? In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on "global biogeochemical cycles" as well as the effects of supersonic transport aircraft that release nitrogen oxide into the stratosphere.2 In 1974, Molina and Rowland found that human-made chlorofluorocarbons used for making foam, cleaning fluids, refrigerants, and repellents transform into ozone-depleting agents.3 Chlorofluorocarbons stay in the atmosphere for several decades due to their long tropospheric lifetimes. These compounds are carried into the stratosphere where they undergo hundreds of catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen. The basic set of reactions that involve this process are: Cl + O3 -->ClO + O2 and ClO + O -->Cl + O2 The net result: O3 + O -->2O2 Chlorine is initially removed in the first equation by the reaction with ozone to form chlorine monoxide. Then it is regenerated through the reaction with monatomic oxygen in the second equation. The net result of the two reactions is the depletion of ozone and atomic oxygen.6 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and methyl bromide are a few of the ozone depletion substances (ODS) that break down ozone under intense ultraviolet light. The bromine and fluorine in these chemicals act as catalysts, reforming ozone (O3) molecules and monatomic oxygen into molecular oxygen (O2). In volcanic eruptions, the sulfate aerosols released are a natural cause of ozone depletion. The hydrolysis of N2O5 on sulfate aerosols, coupled with the reaction with chlorine in HCl, ClO, ClONO2 and bromine compounds, causes the breakdown of ozone. The sulfate aerosols cause chemical reactions in addition to chlorine and bromine reactions on stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone.8 Some ozone depletion is due to volcanic eruptions. Analysis of the El Chichon volcanic eruption in 1983 found ozone destruction in areas of higher aerosol concentration (Hofmann and Solomon, "Ozone Destruction through Heterogeneous Chemistry Following the Eruption of El Chichon"). They deduced that the "aerosol particles act as a base for multiphase reactions leading

Kean University

I never thought this day would come as fast as it did. I feel like this year is just going to fly by and the next thing I know I’ll be packing to go to college, but let me not get ahead of myself. I remember always being asked, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up? † The funny thing is, I’ve always known. I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. I can look back to my younger years and remember playing teacher, writing out worksheets, teaching classes with my cousins. It’s something I always enjoyed. I am apart of the Coop Education program at my high school, I am now an intern at a preschool. It is just one step closer to what I want to do in my future. I now have hands on experience with young children, being able to interact and add input with any ideas I may have. As you can see, I am a determined young lady; if I want something I am going to try my hardest to be the best I can be in the field I am interested in. Kean University has so much to offer me, especially because I know what I want to do with my life. Kean is a teaching University and elementary education is one of the most popular fields at Kean. Why else would I look any further? I have a plan, people with plans become successful. I am someone who can be a team player when needed be. I was on my schools softball team my sophomore year in high school. I believe that playing a sport, taught me sportsmanship, self-confidence, and being able to work as a unit. You are able to bond with you teammates through the rough long practices and demanding games. I enjoy being involved in school activities. I was apart of Spanish Club and was the secretary of this club in 2007. We had fund raisers, put on a show for the International Festival two years in a row, held at Bloomfield High School, and also provided semi formals ,many accomplishments were made being apart of the Spanish Club. I was also joined Stage Crew my junior year, it gave me insight as to how plays and shows are put together. It’s not an easy job; it is time consuming but a learning experience. Next time I watch a play, I know how much hard work everyone backstage put in, being a part of stage setup and lighting was something new I tried out and did enjoy. I am a determined young woman ready to attain new information in a new ambiance with different people from different walks of life. I am ready to leave my nutshell and burst into a new atmosphere I can say Kean University is where I would like to spend the next four years of my life growing. The campus is big itself, and is unlike any environment I’ve put myself in. I would like to dorm. It’s a time in my life were I can be independent. A year away from my parents and around people I am not familiar with . Life is about experiencing new things. I want to advance, study and experience this all at Kean University

Slave revolts essays

Slave revolts essays During four hundred years of slavery, black people did not accept the idea as easily as many thought. When Europeans took thousands of Africans from their native land against their will, one can only expect resistance. Through the struggle, enslaved Africans formed slave rhymes, stories, and planned revolts to fight against the tyranny of the slave owners. Enslaved African use forms of rebellion to out smart their masters and sometimes used violence for redemption for their inhumane treatment. In the beginning of slavery, whites feared the rebellion of blacks therefore they used tactics to control and to place fear minds of the slaves. A basic device of control whites used against blacks was to make them feel like they were inferior to whites. Whites also made Negroes believe they were descendants of Cain or the snake in the book of Genesis in the bible. The church also had a large contribution to the mindset of slaves. The church taught slaves that God wanted them to hold a lower level in society. The church also taught slaves that they would spend an eternity in Hell if they did not perform their daily tasks. Church sermons usually described beatings and lashings as a correction. It did not matter if the slave deserved it or not, the churchs justification was that God wills it. Military activity commonly concerned most whites in the regard to black slaves. In 1727 and 1728, escaped slaves were aiding the Yamasee and Lower Creek Indians in Granville County. (Aptheker, American Slave Revolts, p. 19-57) During the Revolutionary War, blacks found the open opportunity to lead slave uprisings. In 1974 in Georgia, six men and four women led an uprising murdering the overseer, the wife, and wounded the carpenter. They continued to neighboring houses where they murdered three men and wounded others. The British enlisted slaves for their own military force offering the rights to their freedom ...

Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Essay Example

Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Essay Example Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Paper Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Paper Spain, being recently unified, wanted spices and gold. The gold to them could purchase anything. So they offered Christopher Columbus ten percent of the profit, if he would bring back gold and spices. Christopher Columbus was sent to Asia with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Columbus sailed for thirty-three days not sighting land. It wasn’t until early October of 1492 that he and his crew finally landed. He supposedly was the first to sight land and received a ten thousand maravedis as his reward. It was not him, but a member of his crew who first sighted land, Rodrigo. But Columbus got the credit. As Columbus and his crew approached the island, they were greeted by the native inhabitants of the island. The natives were the Arawak Indians, and the island they were on was the Bahama Islands. The Arawaks gave them food, water, and incredible gifts. Columbus took some of the natives as prisoners so they could show him where the gold was. They took him to Hispaniola. Hispaniola, as Columbus reported, was beautiful, fertile, filled with gold and other metals. Columbus had promised Spain and investors gold, but there wasn’t much gold to be found. He ordered that Indians ages fourteen and over to collect gold. After the Indians collected the amount of gold required, they were given copper token necklaces to prove that they had collected the gold. Later, it was obvious that no more gold was left to collect, so the Indians were taken to work on estates. They worked hard and many died. None of the original Arawaks were left on the Bahama Islands. Bartolome de las Casas transcribed Columbus’s log. He wrote a multivolume History of the Indies. He wrote that the Indians had no temple, if not a religion. Las Casas writes of how the Spaniards were becoming more conceited as the days passed. The Spaniards killed for fun. They considered themselves to on top of the world. After collecting gold for about 6-8 months, the gold was melted. This was such hard labor, that many died. According to Casas, over three million died. The women were so malnourished that they could not produce milk for their babies. The babies were often killed out of the mother’s desperation. The men worked so hard in the mines, stressed killed them. Samuel Eliot Morison wrote that we shouldn’t accept the atrocities so easily, but to not make a big deal about it either, because it was in the past. It didn’t happen to us in the present. No point in grieving for the victims or judging the villains, because it won’t make a difference. It’s much easier to bury the truth than hide it. Columbus did it to the Arawaks, and others did the same. Such as Cortes to the Aztecs, and Pizarro to the Incas. They all took advantage of the natives and abused everything they received. Were these massacres really necessary for the progression of the human race? Of course this question can easily be debated, but remember the key word, necessary. All the gold and silver Spain received, it didn’t make it richer, but a little more powerful in the combat area. What was the point of being a little stronger if you lost the wars to come? Everything became worse than it was before. Even though Columbus referred to the natives as Indians, we do so because there is the possibility that they originated from Asia. Indians have become more evolved. Around the time of Christ, there was a culture of Indians, also known as Moundbuilders. They built many gigantic sculptures. Many Indian cultures had their own laws, poetry, and tales to tell on to future generations. The main point being this: is it right for someone to take another’s life just to progress in life and tell the story as if they were the heroes?

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example 1 Fixing up the date of the audit report is the other important aspect. The date should not be earlier than the probable last date of collecting all the audit evidences to support the auditor’s opinion or the last day of the field work. AU 530 has mentioned the appropriate date while delivering additional copies of the previous report as demanded by CPA. 2 Here subsequent events refer to the events that have occurred between the balance sheet date and that of the audit report. The process to identify the events that may require changes or disclosures in the financial statement can be presented accordingly. To ensure that the subsequent events have been recognized, the auditor needs to review all the processes that have been established by the management. Careful checking of the minutes of the meeting is also required. The meeting that has been held after the balance sheet date among the shareholders, board of directors and auditors is regarded here. Diminutive observation of the interim financial statement is also required. The other way of determining the subsequent events is to make inquiry of the lawyers who are concerned with litigation and claim. Even management can also be inquired to find out the events occurred after the balance sheet date. The auditor needs to be conscious regarding certain factors; namely development of any risk factor or contingencies, unusual accounting adjustments and the status of the items those are accounted on the basis of the inconclusive data. 3 Even the departments or the components of an entity that have been audited by any another auditor, should also be audited by the principal auditor. The auditor needs to observe the events those have materiality influences on the financial statements to check whether it has been accounted properly in the financial statement. 4 The responsibility of the auditor is to evaluate the appropriateness of the process of using going

Beauty Plastic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beauty Plastic Surgery - Essay Example Cosmetic surgeries are usually done on the face. Cosmetic surgeries are usually done to enhance the patient's features or correct defacement. The most common cosmetic surgeries in adult are reshaping of the nose, face lifts, removal of baggy skin around eyelids, and changing the size of breasts. The other form of beauty plastic surgery is reconstructive surgery. This is the oldest form of plastic surgery which was developed to treat soldiers during wartime. This type of surgery is usually performed on accident and burn victims. It can include skin grafting and rebuilding of brutally fractured bones. The procedures of reconstructive surgery include, implanting prostheses and the reattachment of an amputated toe or finger. Though these three types of plastic surgeries have some common techniques, their emphasis is different. Plastic surgery is usually used to treat acne scars, remove birth marks and warts. Cosmetic surgeries are used to enhance the beauty of a person and make people look younger. Reconstructive surgeries are used to reattach and reconstruct body parts. The top performed cosmetic surgeries performed by choice in the United States are liposuction, breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, face lift, tummy tuck, collagen injections, chemical peel, laser skin resurfacing, rhinoplasty, and forehead lift. It is estimated that approximately 29 million surgical procedures were performed in the United States in the year 2001. However, the accurate figure cannot be determined as many plastic surgeries are performed in private professional offices. Plastic surgery does not only have physical benefits, it also has many psychological benefits. Plastic surgery also affects a person emotionally. It helps a person grow emotionally stronger. It helps better a person's self-esteem and self-worth. It also helps a person become more sociable and outgoing. Cosmetic surgery is an option that provides benefits of a lifetime. Beauty plastic surgery helps people who are struggling with their appearance which often controls their insight of the world. If a person is not happy with their looks it shows in the way they behave socially and personally. Cosmetic surgery can help improve a person's psychological position. People usually suffer emotional trauma when teased by peers in regards with their looks, this emotional trauma leads to lowering of a person's self-worth and self-esteem. In such cases, cosmetic surgery if performed can benefit a person's emotional state immensely. One successful story of a reconstructive surgery is of Marie "Hana" Gebrewold. When Hana was six months old she fell out of bed and broke her hands and her jaw. After her fall she was treated for her hands, however no one noticed her broken jaw. As she grew it started began affecting her appearance, her speech, and her ability to chew. When she was five years old her parents looked for ways to get her treated, but they were asked to wait foe a few years before they opted for any link of treatment. Two years later when Hana was ready for treatment her parents could not afford it. At the age of ten, a group of doctors from the United States and Europe offered to operate Hana. However,